The MIT Photonic-Bands ( MPB ) package is a free program for computing the band structures (dispersion relations) and electromagnetic modes of periodic dielectric structures, on both serial and parallel computers. This program computes definite-frequency eigenstates (harmonic modes) of Maxwell's equations in periodic dielectric structures for arbitrary wavevectors, using fully-vectorial and three-dimensional methods. It is especially designed for the study of photonic crystals (a.k.a. photonic band-gap materials), but is also applicable to many other problems in optics, such as waveguides and resonator systems. (For example, it can solve for the modes of waveguides with arbitrary cross-sections.) As complementary Meep package works for time-domain simulations, reflection/transmission spectra, etc. (MPB is frequency-domain; Meep is Time-domain.) There are two common computational approaches to studying dielectric structures such as photonic crystals: frequency-domain and time-domai...
Popular posts from this blog
[其他] 中国人如何在德国成立公司以及新公司经营
一、选择公司形式 在德国，公司一般说有如下几个形式 （一）个体企业人（ Gewerbetrieb ） 又分为注册商人 (Kaufmann) ，自由职业者 (Freiberufler) ，手工业者 (Handwerkerbetrieb) 。一般来说，就是中国的小商小贩 ( 有点难听 ) 或个体户 ( 好听一点 ) ，在德国有些个体户很富有。对于尚未拿到居留的中国人，几乎可以放弃。 （二）人员组合公司（ Personengesellschaft ） 人员组合公司（以下简称人合公司）系指一个或数个以其全部资产对公司的债权人承担无限责任的自然人以个人名义注册成立并出任老板或股东的公司，主要有两合公司（ Kommanditgesellschaft ， KG ）、无限贸易公司（ Offene Handelsgesellschaft ， OHG ）等。这些公司多为战前及战后初期成立的家族企业，由于要以全部个人资产承担无限责任，人合公司这一初级公司形式已不符合现代经济的发展趋势。对于一般中国人来说，还没有居留身份和很多资产，公司失败责任会追究至个人资产，可以放弃这一形式。 （三）资本组合公司（ Kapitalgesellschaft ） 资本组合公司（以下简称资合公司）系指一个或数个以达到法律规定的最低注册资金做资本金的自然人或法人注册成立的公司，其中又分有限责任公司（ Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung ， GmbH ）和股份公司（ Aktiengesellschaft ， AG ）这两种基本形式，即国内通常所说的现代企业制度的基本模式。 1. 有限责任公司 (GmbH) 有限责任公司的最低注册资本（ Stammkapital ）现为 2.5 万欧元，并以此承担相应的责任，个人财产排除在公司债务之外。公司可以由一个或数个股东设立。注册资本的出资可以用资金和实物，每股最低出资为 100 欧元，股金的面值为 50 欧元，股东的出资为 50 欧元的倍数。任何股东不得在公司登记时认缴多份基本出资。如果以实物出资，则必须在公司章程中载明实物出资标的及其作价金额。德国公司的内部管理建制不同于美国和中国，董事长即为首席执行官（ CEO ），不另设总经理。有限责任公司的董事长即总经理或总裁，德文称作 Vorsitzender der ...
while it was boring, how old are you, she has broken up some month ago. I wish I could... 和事实相反的希望. I wish I didn't live with my parents. I wish, life were easier. I wish I were rich. 虚拟式 (一定用were不用was) try to make a wish. I wish my class were more interissting. I wish I have less homework. I wish I were married. I wish I had more free time. My car is about ten years old. I wish I could drive new car. They must wear uniform. I wish I could be taller. leisure 闲暇 I really need it for my work. This man want to change his skill. Everyone tell me I am fat. I am on a diet . sensitive empfindlich. He want to lose weight. She would be able to wear his cloth. He spent too much time for work. We can change looks. apperence. job, move to a new house. dream come true. I had a strange dream last night. lifestyle 生活方式 just like china. He was successful. What change he made. Lawer they save every penny. Finally they have enough money to get a car. except for adv 除..之外 overcome danger give ...
Comments